Pärnu

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Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is a city in southwest Estonia. Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second-largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga. Pärnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches. The city is served by Pärnu Airport.

Rank

—

Coordinates

58.38, 24.50

Source

WBP almanac

Wikivoyage Wikipedia

From Wikipedia

1,851 words · source ↗

Introduction

City in Estonia "Parnu" redirects here. For other uses, see Parnu (disambiguation). Town in Estonia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Pärnu" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Town in EstoniaPärnuTownFrom top: Pärnu city centre; Red tower; Elisabeth church; downtown; Pärnu central beachPärnuLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropePärnuLocation within Baltic Sea regionShow map of Baltic SeaPärnuLocation within EstoniaShow map of EstoniaCoordinates: 58°23′N 24°30′E / 58.383°N 24.500°E / 58.383; 24.500Country EstoniaCounty PärnuFounded1251Area • Total32.22 km2 (12.44 sq mi)Elevation10 m (33 ft)Population (2024) • Total41,520 • Rank4th • Density1,289/km2 (3,338/sq mi)Ethnicity • Estonians83.7% • Russians10.6% • other5.7%Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)EEST Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is a city in southwest Estonia. Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second-largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga. Pärnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches. The city is served by Pärnu Airport.

History

[edit] Pärnu in 1554 Pärnu or Old Pärnu (Latin: Perona, German: Pernau, Alt-Pernau, Estonian: Vana-Pärnu), which was founded by the bishop of Ösel–Wiek c. 1251, suffered heavily under pressure of the concurrent town, and was finally destroyed c. 1600. Another town, Embeke (later German: Neu-Pernau, Estonian: Uus-Pärnu) was founded by the Teutonic Order, who began building an ordensburg nearby in 1265. The latter town, then known by the German name of Pernau, was a member of the Hanseatic League and an important ice-free harbor for Livonia. Pärnu belonged to the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire until 1917, when it was transferred to the short-lived autonomous Governorate of Estonia. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took control of town between 1560 and 1617; the Poles and Lithuanians fought the armies of the Kingdom of Sweden nearby in 1609. Sweden took control of the town during the 1558-1583 Livonian War and it became part of Swedish Livonia. The Academia Gustavo-Carolina (predecessor of modern University of Tartu) was relocated from Tartu (Dorpat) to Pärnu in 1699, and operated there until 1710. The university has still maintained a branch campus in Pärnu to this day (1,000 students in the 2004/2005 school year). During the 1700-1721 Great Northern War, the Kingdom of Sweden then lost Pärnu along with the rest of Livonia to the Tsardom of Russia in the 1710 Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia and the 1721 Treaty of Nystad, following the Great Northern War; the city also bore the name Пернов, Pernov—an "adapted" German name—among the Russians. Pärnu belonged to the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire until 1917, when it was transferred to the short-lived autonomous Governorate of Estonia. The city became part of independent Estonia in 1918 following World War I. During World War II, Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet army in June 1940. Estonia (and Pärnu) was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 until 1944. After the war, Pärnu was part of Soviet-occupied Estonia until 1991, when Estonia restored its independence.

Geography

[edit] Districts of Pärnu[edit] There are seven districts in Pärnu: Ülejõe, Rääma, Vana-Pärnu, Kesklinn, Rannarajoon, Eeslinn and Raeküla. Climate[edit] Pärnu lies within the temperate humid continental climate zone. Climate data for Pärnu (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1842–present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 9.0(48.2) 8.3(46.9) 19.6(67.3) 26.2(79.2) 31.2(88.2) 32.6(90.7) 34.1(93.4) 33.4(92.1) 28.0(82.4) 22.4(72.3) 12.6(54.7) 10.3(50.5) 34.1(93.4) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.8(30.6) −1(30) 3.0(37.4) 10.2(50.4) 16.7(62.1) 20.2(68.4) 23.0(73.4) 21.8(71.2) 16.6(61.9) 9.9(49.8) 4.3(39.7) 1.1(34.0) 10.4(50.7) Daily mean °C (°F) −3.0(26.6) −3.7(25.3) −0.5(31.1) 5.4(41.7) 11.4(52.5) 15.4(59.7) 18.3(64.9) 17.2(63.0) 12.5(54.5) 6.8(44.2) 2.2(36.0) −0.9(30.4) 6.8(44.2) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.5(22.1) −6.6(20.1) −3.7(25.3) 1.2(34.2) 6.1(43.0) 10.7(51.3) 13.6(56.5) 12.8(55.0) 8.6(47.5) 3.8(38.8) 0.0(32.0) −3.1(26.4) 3.2(37.8) Record low °C (°F) −34.8(−30.6) −34.3(−29.7) −28.5(−19.3) −19.7(−3.5) −5.3(22.5) −0.1(31.8) 3.4(38.1) 2.6(36.7) −4.7(23.5) −10.9(12.4) −22.2(−8.0) −34.5(−30.1) −34.8(−30.6) Average precipitation mm (inches) 61(2.4) 49(1.9) 43(1.7) 40(1.6) 39(1.5) 78(3.1) 74(2.9) 84(3.3) 61(2.4) 83(3.3) 73(2.9) 71(2.8) 761(30.0) Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 12.6 10.4 9.5 8.4 7.7 9.7 9.6 10.4 9.6 12.2 13.5 14.0 127.6 Average relative humidity (%) 88 87 81 73 68 73 75 78 82 86 89 89 81 Mean monthly sunshine hours 38.8 69.6 148.2 210.1 300.3 293.5 306.4 258.6 172.8 95.5 36.5 24.3 1,950.2 Source: Estonian Weather Service Coastal temperature data for Pärnu Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average sea temperature °C (°F) 0.4(32.72) 0.0(32.00) -0.1(31.82) 1.9(35.42) 7.7(45.86) 14.7(58.46) 19.4(66.92) 19.1(66.38) 15.9(60.62) 10.7(51.26) 6.7(44.06) 3.6(38.48) 8.3(47.00) Source 1: Seatemperature.org Waterbodies[edit] Pärnu River, Sauga River, Reiu River, Pärnu Moat, Pärnu Bay. Pärnu Moat was previously a part of Pärnu Fortress. Nowadays, it is mainly used as a venue for different events.

Demographics

[edit] Year 1881 1897 1922 1934 1959 1970 1979 1989 2000 2011 2012 2017 2021 Population 12,966 12,898 18,499 20,334 22,367 50,224 54,051 53,885 45,500 39,728 40,401 40,700 40,228 Ethnic composition 1922–2021 Ethnicity 1922 1934 1941 1959 1970 1979 1989 2000 2011 2021 amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % Estonians 16440 89.0 18436 90.7 18370 96.7 26669 73.9 34370 74.2 36748 74.1 37939 72.4 36112 79.4 33000 83.1 33682 83.7 Russians 494 2.67 469 2.31 328 1.73 – – 9146 19.7 9676 19.5 10753 20.5 6951 15.3 5076 12.8 4256 10.6 Ukrainians – – 7 0.03 – – – – 1010 2.18 1255 2.53 1631 3.11 966 2.12 671 1.69 887 2.20 Belarusians – – – – – – – – 412 0.89 493 0.99 546 1.04 297 0.65 179 0.45 184 0.46 Finns – – 14 0.07 11 0.06 – – 517 1.12 543 1.09 534 1.02 331 0.73 254 0.64 324 0.81 Jews 236 1.28 248 1.22 0 0.00 – – 190 0.41 138 0.28 76 0.15 35 0.08 20 0.05 13 0.03 Latvians – – 143 0.70 88 0.46 – – 135 0.29 165 0.33 150 0.29 85 0.19 65 0.16 128 0.32 Germans 1030 5.57 871 4.28 – – – – – – 105 0.21 132 0.25 69 0.15 50 0.13 55 0.14 Tatars – – 0 0.00 – – – – – – 76 0.15 103 0.20 45 0.10 33 0.08 31 0.08 Poles – – 34 0.17 26 0.14 – – – – 108 0.22 81 0.15 60 0.13 35 0.09 37 0.09 Lithuanians – – 10 0.05 6 0.03 – – 60 0.13 80 0.16 83 0.16 82 0.18 60 0.15 58 0.14 unknown 0 0.00 28 0.14 8 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 226 0.50 59 0.15 129 0.32 other 281 1.52 74 0.36 167 0.88 9398 26.1 476 1.03 236 0.48 361 0.69 241 0.53 226 0.57 444 1.10 Total 18481 100 20334 100 19004 100 36067 100 46316 100 49623 100 52389 100 45500 100 39728 100 40228 100

Pärnu

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