Aculco

Introduction

This article is about the municipality in the State of Mexico. For San Jerónimo Aculco, the former village now part of Mexico City, see San Jerónimo Lídice. For the Mexico City Metro station, see Aculco metro station. Municipality in State of Mexico, MexicoAculcoMunicipalityLord of the Pasito Church Coat of armsAculco municipalityAculcoCoordinates: 20°05′54″N 99°49′37″W / 20.09833°N 99.82694°W / 20.09833; -99.82694CountryMexicoStateState of MexicoRegionAtlacomulco RegionMunicipal seatAculco de EspinozaMunicipal status1825Government • Municipal PresidentJorge Alfredo Osornio Victoria (2019–2021)Area • Municipality465.7 km2 (179.8 sq mi)Elevation (of seat)2,450 m (8,040 ft)Population (2010) Municipality • Municipality44,823 • Seat1,624Time zoneUTC-6 (Central)Postal code (of seat)50360UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameTown of Aculco, Camino Real de Tierra AdentroTypeCulturalCriteriaII, IVDesignated2010 (34th session)Reference no.1351RegionLatin America and the Caribbean Aculco is a municipality located in the Atlacomulco Region of the State of Mexico in Mexico. The name comes from Nahuatl.[further explanation needed] The municipal seat is the town of Aculco de Espinoza, although both the town and municipality are commonly referred to as simply "San Jerónimo Aculco". The municipality is 110 kilometers away from Mexico City, and is known for its artisans and cheeses, according to El Heraldo. Aculco currently has a population of over 44,823 inhabitants. The mayor or municipal president of Aculco is Jorge Alfredo Osnornio.

History

[edit] Aculco was founded approximately in 1110 AD by the Otomies, despite the fact that its name comes from Nahuatl. After being a village inhabited by Otomies for long time, it became a region dominated by the Mexicas, who lived there many years before the founding of Tenochtitlan. With the arrival of the Spanish in 1540, construction on the church and the convent of San Jeronimo began. In November 1810, Miguel Hidalgo and his contingent, who began the Mexican War of Independence, arrived in the region. Aculco was also where insurgents, led by Don Miguel Hidalgo, lost a battle against the troops of Felix Ma. Calleja. During the nineteenth century, the town hall and the first primary school in the region were constructed. Public baths and a municipal pool were also built.[citation needed] On February 19, 1825, it became a municipality. In 1914 and 1915, Aculco was the scene of clashes led by the revolutionaries’ carrancistas, villistas and Zapatistas.

Geography

[edit] Concepción waterfall. The municipality of Aculco has a geographical extent of 484.7 square kilometres (187.1 sq mi). That represents 2.18% of Mexico State, of which it is a part of. Aculco borders Polotitlán in the north, Querétaro in the south, and Acambay and Timilpan in the south. It is approximately 100 kilometers away from or over 1 hour from Toluca, Toluca. Climate[edit] Aculco has a relatively cool, humid climate, with rain in the summer. The annual average temperature is of 13.2 °C (55.8 °F), with the lowest temperature occurring in the winter. The rain season starts at the end of March or beginning of April and lasts until October or November. Climate data for Aculco (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 28(82) 28(82) 30(86) 31(88) 35(95) 31(88) 29(84) 28(82) 28(82) 27.5(81.5) 25.5(77.9) 30(86) 35(95) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.3(66.7) 21.2(70.2) 23.3(73.9) 25.0(77.0) 25.0(77.0) 23.0(73.4) 21.4(70.5) 21.4(70.5) 20.6(69.1) 20.5(68.9) 19.9(67.8) 19.9(67.8) 21.7(71.1) Daily mean °C (°F) 11.1(52.0) 12.7(54.9) 14.5(58.1) 16.5(61.7) 17.1(62.8) 16.4(61.5) 15.5(59.9) 15.4(59.7) 14.9(58.8) 13.8(56.8) 12.4(54.3) 11.6(52.9) 14.3(57.7) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.0(37.4) 4.2(39.6) 5.8(42.4) 8.0(46.4) 9.2(48.6) 9.8(49.6) 9.5(49.1) 9.4(48.9) 9.2(48.6) 7.1(44.8) 4.8(40.6) 3.4(38.1) 7.0(44.6) Record low °C (°F) −5.5(22.1) −7(19) −6(21) 0.8(33.4) 2(36) 2(36) 1(34) 0.5(32.9) −1(30) −3(27) −5(23) −7(19) −7(19) Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.6(0.42) 9.1(0.36) 13.1(0.52) 18.8(0.74) 56.5(2.22) 122.4(4.82) 143.9(5.67) 110.0(4.33) 126.6(4.98) 55.5(2.19) 24.1(0.95) 4.4(0.17) 695.0(27.36) Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm) 3.0 2.4 3.2 5.0 9.9 13.2 16.3 14.4 13.9 8.9 4.6 1.5 96.3 Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Flora and fauna[edit] Black phoebe, a native bird. There is a diversity in plants and animals of temperate climate and semi-arid climate (Mezquital Valley). Native animals include: cacomistle, skunk, gopher, Virginia opossum, rabbit, Mexican gray squirrel, turkey, colibri, turkey vulture, northern mockingbird, rattlesnake, pine snake, black phoebe, rufous-crowned sparrow, great horned owl, axolotl, frog, toad, red ant, bee, and others.

Politics

[edit] Mayors[edit] Sworn in to the role on December 13, 2018, Aculco Jorge Alfredo Osornio Victoria will remain president until 2021. He was previously a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Mayor Time Vicente Sosa Alcántara 2000-2003 Jesús Alejandro Aguilar Sánchez 2003-2006 Francisco Javier Venancio Ramirez 2006-2009 Marcos Javier Sosa Alcantara 2009-2012 Salvador del Rio Martínez 2013-2015 Aurora González Ledezma 2016-2018 Jorge Alfredo Osornio Victoria 2019-2021

Economy

[edit] The main economic activity of Aculco is the ranching of animals like pigs and sheep. The municipality's principal products include milk, fur, wool and egg. Aculco's inner commerce principally occurs at the municipal market, while its outer commerce is with Toluca, Mexico City and Querétaro. Another major economic activity of Aculco is the exploitation of natural resources like sand, with quarries present in the region. The municipality is also home to a metal structure manufacturing company. Aculco is famous for the dairy products it produces. In 2019, Aculco has about 60 artisan workshops for cheese and dairy production. Tourism[edit] Aculco contains a number of notable geographic features. Two cascades are located in the area: "Tixhiñu" and "la Concepción". Rivers including the Río Ñadó and Río Prieto also flow through the municipality. Aculco is home to numerous historic sites, including the San Jerónimo and the "Garrido Varela" bullring, as well as the former residence of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Two busts are located in Aculco in the memory of Benito Juarez and Miguel Hidalgo.

Demographics

[edit] According to INEGI, in 2005, Aculco has a population of over 40,000. The ethnic composition is mainly Otomi. Over 16,000 people in the region are illiterate. Communities belonging to the municipality[edit] Large Town 2010 Census Population Total 44 823 San Lucas Totolmaloya 3 770 San Jerónimo Barrio 2 322 Gunyo Poniente 2 138 Aculco de Espinoza 1 823 San Pedro Danxhi 1 119 Decandeje Ñadó Buenavista Cieneguilla de González Arroyo Zarco Other communities include: Arroyo Zarco Arroyo Zarco Ejido Ñado Buenavista Bañe Bimbo Decandeje Ejido de Santa María Nativitas Ejido de Totolopan Ejido Decandeje (Chapala Ejido Decandeje) Ejido las Ánimas Ejido San Joaquín Coscomatepec El Azafrán (Santa Rosa el Azafrán) El Bonxhi El Bosque El Colorado El Mogote El Rincón El Tixhiñu El Zethe (Jazmín) Encinillas Ejido Fondo Gunyo Oriente Gunyo Poniente (San José Gunyo) Higuerillas Huizachal Jurica La Cofradía Grande La Concepción Ejido La Concepción Pueblo La Cuesta La Esperanza La Estancia La Pera La Presita Segundo Cuartel La Soledad Barrio La Soledad Ejido Las Lajas Loma Alta Cabresteros Loma Alta Ejido Bañe (Bañe Barrio CONASUPO) Los Ailes Los Gavilanes Presa del Tepozán Rancho Chapala San Antonio Arroyo Zarco San Antonio el Zethe San Antonio Pueblo San Francisquito San Jerónimo Barrio San Jerónimo Ejido San Joaquín Coscomatepec San Lucas Totolmaloya San Martín Ejido San Pedro Denxhi Santa Ana Matlavat Santa Ana Oxtoc-toxhie Santa María Nativitas Santiago Oxtoc-Toxhie Taxtho

Culture

[edit] The foundation of the Aculco municipality is celebrated on February 19. In March and April, the municipality holds a scenic performance of Semana Mayor that starts on Holy Thursday, in honor of Señor Nenthé. There is a festival to the Saint Patron Saint Jerome on September 30, including regional fairs, dances, and food.

Notable people

[edit] This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Aculco" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Fernando Altamirano (baptized 1848 in Aculco), physician, botanist and naturalist Mauro Máximo de Jesús (born 1957 in Aculco), - athlete Ignacio Espinoza Martínez Lucas Magos Bárcenas y Cornejo Alfonso Díaz de la Vega Pablo de San Antonio Indio Juan García, Juan Nicolás Sotero González Mena Juan Maldonado Chemiso José Rafael Polo José Trinidad Polo Manuel Polo